Operation PLOWSHAREAKA: Project Plowshare, Plowshare Program. US government program, 1958-1975, to test the use of nuclear weapons for peaceful constructive purposes ranging from large-scale excavation to underground hydraulic fracturing. Of the 27 detonations due to the program, two occurred in New Mexico: Project GNOME (1961), the first test in the program, near Carlsbad, to test the production of underground steam for energy generation; and Project Gasbuggy (1967) near Farmington, to test if underground detonations could fracture rock to facilitate natural gas extraction.